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Lumi의 과학적 원리

Lumi는 기억 연구에서 가장 확고한 두 가지 발견에 기반합니다. 스스로 시험하는 것이 다시 읽는 것보다 더 많은 기억을 형성하고, 잊기 직전에 복습하면 더 오래 기억됩니다.

과학이 측정하는 것.

Lumi의 방법은 연구에서 가장 높은 평가를 받았으며, 이를 뒷받침하는 수치와 출처가 있습니다.

연구

다시 읽으면 아는 것 같아요. 스스로 테스트하면 기억에 남아요.

61%

한 번 읽고 세 번 스스로 테스트한 학생들이 일주일 후 기억한 텍스트 속 아이디어의 비율

40%

같은 텍스트를 네 번 다시 읽은 학생들의 비율

52% vs 14%

일주일 내 망각, 다시 읽기 대 자기 시험

함정은, 다시 읽은 학생들이 가장 자신감이 넘쳤다는 거예요. 그들은 일주일 만에 52%를 잊었지만, 스스로 테스트한 학생들은 14%만 잊었어요.

가이드, 주제별 한 페이지

인용된 모든 연구

각 참고 문헌은 게시 전에 확인되었습니다. 링크는 기사 또는 DOI로 연결됩니다.

  1. Bjork, Dunlosky, Kornell (2013). Self-regulated learning. Beliefs, techniques, and illusions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64. doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143823
  2. Cepeda, Pashler, Vul, Wixted, Rohrer (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks. A review and quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(3). doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.354
  3. Cepeda, Vul, Rohrer, Wixted, Pashler (2008). Spacing effects in learning. A temporal ridgeline of optimal retention. Psychological Science, 19(11). doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02209.x
  4. Chase, Chin, Oppezzo, Schwartz (2009). Teachable agents and the protégé effect. Increasing the effort towards learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 18(4). doi.org/10.1007/s10956-009-9180-4
  5. Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan, Willingham (2013). Improving students' learning with effective learning techniques. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 14(1). doi.org/10.1177/1529100612453266
  6. Ebbinghaus (1885). Über das Gedächtnis (Memory. A contribution to experimental psychology). Duncker und Humblot, Leipzig. psychclassics.yorku.ca/Ebbinghaus/index.htm
  7. Fiorella, Mayer (2013). The relative benefits of learning by teaching and teaching expectancy. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 38(4). doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2013.06.001
  8. Jenkins, Dallenbach (1924). Obliviscence during sleep and waking. The American Journal of Psychology, 35(4). doi.org/10.2307/1414040
  9. Kang (2016). Spaced repetition promotes efficient and effective learning. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(1). doi.org/10.1177/2372732215624708
  10. Karpicke, Blunt (2011). Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping. Science, 331(6018). doi.org/10.1126/science.1199327
  11. Karpicke, Butler, Roediger (2009). Metacognitive strategies in student learning. Do students practise retrieval when they study on their own?. Memory, 17(4). doi.org/10.1080/09658210802647009
  12. Karpicke, Roediger (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319(5865). doi.org/10.1126/science.1152408
  13. Koh, Lee, Lim (2018). The learning benefits of teaching. A retrieval practice hypothesis. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 32(3). doi.org/10.1002/acp.3410
  14. Kornell (2009). Optimising learning using flashcards. Spacing is more effective than cramming. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23(9). doi.org/10.1002/acp.1537
  15. Murre, Dros (2015). Replication and analysis of Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve. PLOS ONE, 10(7), e0120644. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120644
  16. Nestojko, Bui, Kornell, Bjork (2014). Expecting to teach enhances learning and organization of knowledge in free recall of text passages. Memory and Cognition, 42(7). doi.org/10.3758/s13421-014-0416-z
  17. Rasch, Born (2013). About sleep's role in memory. Physiological Reviews, 93(2). doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00032.2012
  18. Rawson, Dunlosky (2011). Optimizing schedules of retrieval practice for durable and efficient learning. How much is enough?. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 140(3). doi.org/10.1037/a0023956
  19. Roediger, Karpicke (2006). Test-enhanced learning. Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3). doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x
  20. Rohrer, Taylor (2007). The shuffling of mathematics problems improves learning. Instructional Science, 35(6). doi.org/10.1007/s11251-007-9015-8
  21. Rowland (2014). The effect of testing versus restudy on retention. A meta-analytic review of the testing effect. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6). doi.org/10.1037/a0037559
  22. Slamecka, Graf (1978). The generation effect. Delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Learning and Memory, 4(6). doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.4.6.592

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